...of structure and communitas. There would seem to be—if one can use such a controversial term—a human "need" to participate in both modalities. Persons...symbolic communitas and undergo penance to achieve it. APTHORPE, RAYMOND. Bibliography 1961. Introduction to CMN White, Elements in Luvale beliefs and rituals....

...past and extends into the future through language, law, and custom” (p. 113). Because all humans need to participate in both modalities, “persons...day-to-day activities seek it in ritual liminality” (p. 203). 44. The Los Angeles Times, for example, ran a daily scorecard throughout the trial called...

...status by having an English priest. Thus what they are starved of in their everyday life, they can seek in ritual liminality. The structurally inferior aspire to symbolic structural superiority in ritual (Turner 1969, 203). Maintaining the hierarchical structure with the low being able to move to the top...