European-language Writing in Sub-Saharan AfricaThe first major comparative study of African writing in western languages, European-language Writing in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Albert S. Gérard, falls into four wide-ranging sections: an overview of early contacts and colonial developments Under Western Eyes ; chapters on Black Consciousness manifest in the debates over Panafricanism and Negritude; a group of essays on mental decolonization expressed in Black Power texts at the time of independence struggles; and finally Comparative Vistas, sketching directions that future comparative study might explore. An introductory essay stresses the millennia of writing in Africa, side by side with a richly eloquent and artistic set of vernacular oral traditions; written and oral traditions have become interwoven in adaptations of imported forms and linguistic innovations that challenge traditional high literary norms. Gérard uses the mathematical concept of fuzzy sets to explain why the focus on Black Africa has led him to set aside for future analysis the literatures produced in North Africa, which fall under the influence of Muslim civilization, as well as the diasporic literatures of the New World. Over sixty scholars from twenty-two countries contribute specialized studies of creative writing by leading authors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries such as Achebe, Mphahlele, Ngugi, Senghor, Soyinka, and Tutuola. Critical analyses are organized primarily around regions, reflecting different colonial languages imposed through schools and other social institutions. Some authors trace the adaptation of western genres, others identify syncretism with folktales or myths. The volumes are attentive to the heterogeneity of national literatures addressed to polyethnic and multilingual populations, and they note the instrumental politics of language in newly independent states. A closing chapter, Tasks Ahead, identifies areas for future scholars to explore. |
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Page 117
Madagascar was of course a special case: long before it was conquered for France by General Galliéni, the island had been introduced to the Roman script by Christian missionaries, both Protestant and Catholic, and it had produced a not ...
Madagascar was of course a special case: long before it was conquered for France by General Galliéni, the island had been introduced to the Roman script by Christian missionaries, both Protestant and Catholic, and it had produced a not ...
Page 120
Because France promotes this unity by its very existence, the Moroccans, for one, ought to be grateful for the intervention of the French army: “La France, habituée a une conduite irréprochable. .. vient la remplir son devoir envers ...
Because France promotes this unity by its very existence, the Moroccans, for one, ought to be grateful for the intervention of the French army: “La France, habituée a une conduite irréprochable. .. vient la remplir son devoir envers ...
Page 121
The book also contains many intimations that racial relationships were not quite as idyllic in Africa as they were claimed to be in France, where the greater part of the story takes place. While Force—Bonté was coming off the presses, ...
The book also contains many intimations that racial relationships were not quite as idyllic in Africa as they were claimed to be in France, where the greater part of the story takes place. While Force—Bonté was coming off the presses, ...
Page 128
Finding life intolerable in Saint-Louis, she heads for France where the success she dreams of will no doubt prove elusive and illusory. The book is filled with shrewd observations about the mixed standards of the mulatto bourgeoisie, ...
Finding life intolerable in Saint-Louis, she heads for France where the success she dreams of will no doubt prove elusive and illusory. The book is filled with shrewd observations about the mixed standards of the mulatto bourgeoisie, ...
Page 134
the one applied in France was then set up comprising the same courses and the same examinations, especially the baccalaureate examination, which until then had been to all intents and purposes barred to Africans.
the one applied in France was then set up comprising the same courses and the same examinations, especially the baccalaureate examination, which until then had been to all intents and purposes barred to Africans.
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