European-language Writing in Sub-Saharan AfricaThe first major comparative study of African writing in western languages, European-language Writing in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Albert S. Gérard, falls into four wide-ranging sections: an overview of early contacts and colonial developments Under Western Eyes ; chapters on Black Consciousness manifest in the debates over Panafricanism and Negritude; a group of essays on mental decolonization expressed in Black Power texts at the time of independence struggles; and finally Comparative Vistas, sketching directions that future comparative study might explore. An introductory essay stresses the millennia of writing in Africa, side by side with a richly eloquent and artistic set of vernacular oral traditions; written and oral traditions have become interwoven in adaptations of imported forms and linguistic innovations that challenge traditional high literary norms. Gérard uses the mathematical concept of fuzzy sets to explain why the focus on Black Africa has led him to set aside for future analysis the literatures produced in North Africa, which fall under the influence of Muslim civilization, as well as the diasporic literatures of the New World. Over sixty scholars from twenty-two countries contribute specialized studies of creative writing by leading authors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries such as Achebe, Mphahlele, Ngugi, Senghor, Soyinka, and Tutuola. Critical analyses are organized primarily around regions, reflecting different colonial languages imposed through schools and other social institutions. Some authors trace the adaptation of western genres, others identify syncretism with folktales or myths. The volumes are attentive to the heterogeneity of national literatures addressed to polyethnic and multilingual populations, and they note the instrumental politics of language in newly independent states. A closing chapter, Tasks Ahead, identifies areas for future scholars to explore. |
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Page 86
Others enunciated special perceptions—Crowther his Christian modernization, James Johnson the promotion of African customs, or Horton his emphasis on racial equality. By contrast, Blyden was able to construct a system that was ...
Others enunciated special perceptions—Crowther his Christian modernization, James Johnson the promotion of African customs, or Horton his emphasis on racial equality. By contrast, Blyden was able to construct a system that was ...
Page 87
And if the principle laid down by Christ is... that he who would be chief must become the servant of all, then we see the position which Africa and the Africans must ultimately occupy. '5 Blyden quotations on this and the following ...
And if the principle laid down by Christ is... that he who would be chief must become the servant of all, then we see the position which Africa and the Africans must ultimately occupy. '5 Blyden quotations on this and the following ...
Page 94
... Carl Christian Reindorf (1834—1917), a mulatto of partly Danish and partly Ga origin.v He was connected with the Basler Missionsgesellschaft, who was spreading the Gospel among the Twi as the Methodist missionary society was doing ...
... Carl Christian Reindorf (1834—1917), a mulatto of partly Danish and partly Ga origin.v He was connected with the Basler Missionsgesellschaft, who was spreading the Gospel among the Twi as the Methodist missionary society was doing ...
Page 97
... we may presume, to Boilat's classical and theological training—thus to recall that Africa had brought her by no means negligible share to the literary flowering of Christian writing at the time of the Latin fathers.
... we may presume, to Boilat's classical and theological training—thus to recall that Africa had brought her by no means negligible share to the literary flowering of Christian writing at the time of the Latin fathers.
Page 105
Among those who “continue to write” or rather, who have started writing can be listed a number of names such as Alice Johnson, Elaine A. Wolo, Toimu Reeves, Christian Cassell, Joseph Guanu, Bill Frank, George Benjamin and Wilton ...
Among those who “continue to write” or rather, who have started writing can be listed a number of names such as Alice Johnson, Elaine A. Wolo, Toimu Reeves, Christian Cassell, Joseph Guanu, Bill Frank, George Benjamin and Wilton ...
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achievement activity African Literature appeared became become beginning British called Cape century character Christian civilization collection colonial concerned contribution creative critical cultural described drama early edition emergence English especially European example experience expression fact fiction first followed France French hand human important independence influence intellectual interest issue journal language late later literary living London major means narrative native nature negritude Nigerian noir novel original Paris perhaps period play poems poet poetry political Portuguese present Press printed problems produced prose protest publication published race racial remained represented seems Senghor sense short shows significant social society South African story theme tion traditional translation turn University values village West Western writers written Yoruba young